“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times …”
-Charles Dickens, “A Tale of Two Cities”
If you paid even one whit of attention toward the American League West last season, you’re probably already aware of the major high and low points: The Angels juggernaut fails to win the division for only the second time in seven years, and accompanies the Athletics on a journey to a not-so-magical place called Five Hundred Land. Meanwhile, Texas earns its first post-season berth since 1999, battles valiantly all the way to the World Series, and finally gets rolled up in five games by San Francisco. Josh Hamilton wins the AL MVP. And somewhere along the way, a hopelessly out-of-contention Mariners squad allegedly pulls out of a preliminary agreement on a deal that would have sent Cliff Lee packing to the Bronx (much to the consternation of unnamed Yankees officials, some of whom accused Seattle of not bargaining in good faith), and instead moves him to Texas in exchange for a four-player package and cash.
On the morning of The Trade (July 9, to be exact), the Mariners found themselves mired in a 34-51 hole and an even 16 games behind first-place Texas, amounting to an approximate playoff odds percentage of 0.1%—but I want to spend less time focusing on that past state of hopelessness itself, and more on how Seattle ended up in such a deplorable state in the first place. A review of the tape indicates that the Mariners’ run prevention up to that date in the season was nothing worth writing home about (4.26 runs allowed per game), but was still a few ticks better than league average even after the inclusion of park factors. Phrased another way, it helped explain Seattle’s problems only to the extent that they were not a great team; owning a merely decent pitching staff and defensive corps may preclude a 95-100 win pace, but taken in isolation, it doesn’t explain how the Mariners ended up on a 60-65 win pace.
Where the root cause of the Mariners’ competitive ills could be found was in the other key variable in the Pythagorean record formula: run-scoring. By the morning of July 9, the Mariners had plated 291 runs in 85 games, good for a 554-run pace over the span of a 162-game schedule, or marginally better than the 10th-lowest scoring team in a full season (550 runs, by the ’76 Angels and ’88 Orioles) since the designated-hitter rule was enacted in 1973. By season’s end, Seattle held this most undesirable post-1973 record outright with a final 513-run showing, which can only be properly illustrated with this shocking reminder: Of the 12 Mariners hitters who amassed at least 200 plate appearances on the season, only two posted a final OPS+ of 100 or higher: Ichiro (113 OPS+) and Russell Branyan (123 OPS+). The next highest? Franklin Gutierrez, at 87. Only two regulars mustered an on-base percentage of .340 or higher. Only one mashed more than 12 home runs. High-salaried newcomers Chone Figgins and Milton Bradley crashed and burned in awe-inspiring fashion, hitting .259/.340/.306 and .205/.292/.348 in their respective Mariners debuts. The offensive collapse of the Seattle starting nine was swift and absolute.
Why am I devoting page space to what some would now regard as ancient history, and what others would probably rather bury than spend valuable time reminiscing over? My purpose is twofold: (1) plenty of observant and intelligent baseball fans are aware that the 2010 Mariners offense was bad, but I’m willing to bet that there are a considerable number of those who didn’t realize the full extent of the badness, and I feel like that’s worth revisiting; and (2) this makes for an appropriate segue into a forward-looking glance at how the Mariners’ offense—and all the others in the AL West—is projected to fare in 2011, but perhaps not in the conventional manner you’re expecting. The question I want to answer is this: How does each projected starter’s PECOTA projection compare against an objective definition of “good” or “bad” offensive production at their given position?
In July 2007, Kevin Goldstein (with a generous data-mining assist from William Burke) penned an article on major-league position differences, constructed from the offensive statistics of the 30 players who had amassed the most total starts at each defensive position over the last three seasons. In Kevin’s words, this approach allows for the “[elimination of] players who had jobs here and there, but are not purely defined as starters—guys in just because of injuries or bad planning—and instead lets us focus solely on guys who have jobs year in and year out.” Both the method and the findings struck me as insightful and fascinating back when I originally read them, and I always figured I’d put together an updated version when the time was right. That time is now.
In essence, I emulated the exact approach described in the original piece right down to the punctuation marks, with the only material difference being the use of 2008-10 statistics, which should better reflect the current composition of the major-league talent pool and run-scoring trends. And as Kevin did in his original piece, I split each 30-player set into four groups—three sets of 10 (Bad, Average, and Good), and then just the top five players at each position (Elite), all sorted by OPS. It’s not anything approaching perfect, but it’s close enough and it’s readily understandable for even the statistical novice. Before jumping into those groupings, however, here is the straight 30-player average at each position from 2008-10, scaled to 600 plate appearances at catcher and 675 plate appearances at every other position:
POS AB H 2B 3B HR BB SO SB CS AVG OBP SLG C 533 141 29 1 16 52 97 4 2 .264 .334 .414 1B 583 163 35 2 28 79 121 3 2 .279 .368 .492 2B 604 168 34 3 15 55 92 13 4 .278 .342 .419 3B 600 161 34 2 22 61 126 8 3 .268 .338 .440 SS 610 168 31 4 12 49 89 15 6 .276 .332 .400 LF 598 166 33 4 23 63 117 14 5 .277 .350 .459 CF 604 161 32 6 17 58 122 26 7 .267 .335 .424 RF 599 165 34 4 21 65 123 12 5 .276 .349 .450
And what follows now is the exact same OPS chart for all four teams in the AL West, but with each team’s projected starter at a given position being identified by bolded and underlined font, according to which average their 2011 PECOTA forecast strikes the closest to:
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
POS BAD AVG GOOD ELITE C 670 732 834 861 1B 752 849 943 975 2B 691 740 828 853 3B 688 775 858 885 SS 661 725 797 840 LF 735 799 879 911 CF 693 765 811 827 RF 719 801 866 887
POS BAD AVG GOOD ELITE C 670 732 834 861 1B 752 849 943 975 2B 691 740 828 853 3B 688 775 858 885 SS 661 725 797 840 LF 735 799 879 911 CF 693 765 811 827 RF 719 801 866 887
POS BAD AVG GOOD ELITE C 670 732 834 861 1B 752 849 943 975 2B 691 740 828 853 3B 688 775 858 885 SS 661 725 797 840 LF 735 799 879 911 CF 693 765 811 827 RF 719 801 866 887
POS BAD AVG GOOD ELITE C 670 732 834 861 1B 752 849 943 975 2B 691 740 828 853 3B 688 775 858 885 SS 661 725 797 840 LF 735 799 879 911 CF 693 765 811 827 RF 719 801 866 887
I must caution that in spite of the long string of “Bad” marks peppering every other team in the division besides Texas, there were a decent number of players—particularly in Anaheim—that sat in between “Bad” and “Average,” but simply didn’t garner an auspicious enough forecast to get bumped up into the next tier. It’s a very quick and dirty snapshot look at how each AL West offense compares positionally, and I hope to take a more nuanced view of the landscape before Opening Day. For the moment, however, this should give you some sense of the potential for another Rangers offensive feast running concurrent with another Mariners scoring famine in 2011.
Thank you for reading
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Actually, I suppose that's where the percentile distribution comes in, you can get a feel for best case vs worst case scenarios, but when you distill PECOTA to a single number you remove good luck, and there are simply very few players whose established or "true" level would place them in the top 5 at a position every year.
Some examples of Oakland batters who outperformed their 2010 projections, yet have worse projections this year than last year (using TAv):
Willingham
2010 Proj: .299
2010 Actual: .311
2011 Proj: .288
Barton
2010 Proj: .277
2010 Actual: .298
2011 Proj: .268
Matsui
2010 Proj: .293
2010 Actual: .294
2011 Proj: .278
Ellis
2010 Proj: .264
2010 Actual: .273
2011 Proj: .243
Crisp
2010 Proj: .270
2010 Actual: .296
2011 Proj: .256
Pennington
2010 Proj: .246
2010 Actual: .263
2011 Proj: .244
Similarly, the pitching projections appear to be overly optimistic. Virtually everyone with a pulse (17 different pitchers) is projected for an ERA below 4.00.
Was there a change in the algorithm between the book and the spreadsheet or are they different numbers. I glanced at a few of the A's and noticed a similar discrepancy. While the relative differences in strengths of the team may remain, I would be curious to know what the ratings of Bad, Average, Good and Elite are based on the 2011 projections. I would be willing to bet that several of the positions above would move up a slot or two.